Education+in+Africa

Background:
====Before Europeans came to Africa, children in Africa were taught social roles they would take on based on their gender inside their country. They were not being prepared for life outside of their own country. The European imperialism changed the ways the children were being taught. Instead of focusing on the rituals that went on inside their society, the children of Africa now learn things we are familiar with, such as math, reading, and writing.====

Pros of pre-European education system:
-Accepted in their culture -Become socially able to survive within their own society - Living a normal life, as seen by other Africans

Cons of pre-European education system:
-Do not know how to read or write -Math and other similar subjects were not taught, leaving the children uneducated in a worldly sense. -Cannot compete with other countries in education system

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Article found here: []
 ====General and Further Education and Training ==== President Jacob Zuma announced in May 2009 that the national Department of Education would be split into two ministries – Basic Education, and Higher Education and Training. South African Communist Party secretary-general Blade Nzimande is the new minister of Higher Education and Training, while former Gauteng Education MEC Angie Motshekga now oversees the Ministry of Basic Education. Each ministry is responsible for its level of education across the country as a whole, while each of the nine provinces has its own education department. The Ministry of Basic Education focuses on adult basic education and training in addition to primary and secondary education. The Ministry of Higher Education and Training is responsible for tertiary education up to doctorate level, and technical and vocational training. It also oversees the numerous sector education and training authorities. The central government provides a national framework for school policy, but administrative responsibility lies with the provinces. Power is further devolved to grassroots level via elected school governing bodies, which have a significant say in the running of their schools. Private schools and higher education institutions have a fair amount of autonomy, but are expected to fall in line with certain government non-negotiables – no child may be excluded from a school on grounds of his or her race or religion, for example. The Further Education and Training (FET) branch is responsible for the development of policy for grades 10 to 12 in public and independent schools, as well as in public and private FET colleges. It monitors the integrity of assessment in schools and colleges, and offers an academic curriculum as well as a range of vocational subjects. FET colleges cater for out-of-school youth and adults. The branch oversees, coordinates and monitors the system’s response to improved learner participation and performance in maths, science and technology. It also devises strategies aimed at the use of information and communication technology (ICT), and supports curriculum implementation through the national educational portal, Thutong (Setswana, meaning "place of learning"). The latest available statistics show that in 2007 South Africa had 14 167 086 pupils enrolled in all sectors of the education system, attending 35 231 educational institutions and served by 452 971 teachers and lecturers. The breakdown of schools includes 26 065 ordinary schools and 9 166 other education institutions – namely, special schools, early childhood development (ECD) sites, public adult basic education and training (ABET) centres, public further education and training (FET) institutions and public higher education (HE) institutions. Of the total enrolled pupils, 12 048 821 (85.0%) were in public schools and 352 396 (2.5%) were in independent schools. Of the pupils in other institutions, 761 087 (5.4%) were in public HE institutions, 320 679 (2.3%) were in public FET institutions, 292 734 (2.1%) were in public ABET centres, 289 312 (2.0%) were in ECD centres, and 102 057 (0.7%) were in special schools. The total of 26 065 ordinary schools comprised 15 358 primary schools, with 6 316 064 pupils and 191 199 teachers; 5 670 secondary schools, with 3 831 937 pupils and 128 183 teachers; and 5 037 combined and intermediate schools, with 2 253 216 pupils and 74 843 teachers. Other educational facilities included 2 278 ABET centres, 50 public FET institutions, 4 800 ECD centres and 23 HE institutions. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">In state-funded public schools, the average ratio of pupils (also known as "learners") to teachers ("educators") is 31.5 to one, while private schools generally have one teacher for every 17.5 scholars.  ====<span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal bold 10pt/12pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Tertiary education ==== <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Higher Education and Training, or tertiary education, includes education for undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, certificates and diplomas, up to the level of the doctoral degree. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">A matric endorsement is required for the study of university degrees, with a minimum of three subjects passed at the higher, rather than standard, grade, although some universities set additional academic requirements. A standard school-leaving South African senior certificate is sufficient for technical qualifications and diplomas. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">South Africa has a vibrant higher education sector, with more than a million students enrolled in the country's 24 state-funded tertiary institutions: 11 universities, five universities of technology, and six comprehensive institutions. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">These have recently been integrated, with the country's former 36 universities and "technikons" being amalgamated into larger tertiary institutions. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Higher education is also offered at hundreds of private institutions, which are registered with the Department of Education to confer specific degrees and diplomas. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Many of South Africa's universities are world-class academic institutions, at the cutting edge of research in certain spheres. Although subsidised by the state, the universities are autonomous, reporting to their own councils rather than government.  ====<span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal bold 10pt/12pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Spending and challenges ==== <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Compared with most other countries, education gets a very large slice of the public pie – usually around 20% of total state expenditure. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">More money is always needed to address the huge backlogs left by 40 years of apartheid education. Under that system, white South African children received a quality schooling virtually for free, while their black counterparts had only "Bantu education". <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Education was viewed as a part of the overall apartheid system, which included the "homelands", urban restrictions, pass laws and job reservation. The role of black Africans was as labourers or servants only. As HF Verwoerd, the architect of the Bantu Education Act of 1953, conceived it: "There is no place for [the African] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour. It is of no avail for him to receive a training which has as its aim, absorption in the European community." <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Although today's government is working to rectify the imbalances in education, the apartheid legacy remains. The greatest challenges lie in the poorer, rural provinces like the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. Schools are generally better resourced in the more affluent provinces such as Gauteng and the Western Cape. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Illiteracy rates currently stand at around 18% of adults over 15 years old (about 9-million adults are not functionally literate), teachers in township schools are poorly trained, and the matric pass rate remains low. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">While 65% of whites over 20 years old and 40% of Indians have a high school or higher qualification, this figure is only 14% among blacks and 17% among the coloured population. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The government is in particular targeting education for the poorest of the poor, with two notable programmes. One is fee-free schools, institutions that receive all their required funding from the state and so do not have to charge school fees. These have been carefully identified in the country's most poverty-stricken areas, and will make up 40% of all schools in 2007. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The other is the National Schools Nutrition Programme, which feeds about 7-million schoolchildren every day, including all those attending primary schools in 13 rural and eight urban poverty nodes. The programme was extended in 2009 to 1 500 secondary schools around the country, feeding 1-million secondary school pupils from grades 8 to 12. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Under the programme, the Department of Education has also established almost 2 100 school gardens with the support of the Department of Agriculture, local government structures and a number of NGOs. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Other priorities include early childhood development, HIV/Aids awareness programmes in schools, and adult basic education and training. <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">//SAinfo reporter and MediaClubSouthAfrica.com – get free high-resolution photos and professional feature articles from Brand South Africa's media service.//
 * See: South Africa's universities

<span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">//Graph of number of educated people in Mpumuza/Sweetwaters in South Africa//

<span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">media type="youtube" key="0_-8Fof22wQ?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

<span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">media type="youtube" key="v3rgZX0JExo?fs=1" height="385" width="640" <span style="color: #333333; font: normal normal normal 8pt/10pt Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">media type="youtube" key="UFRlJXKLmD8?fs=1" height="385" width="480"